12th ICERM ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ aminioglycosides, the intra-uterine route may be advantageous from the point of view of enhanced endometrial concentrations and bacterial killing however, this has to be balanced against potential toxicity and irritation the antibiotic may cause to the endometrium. Local and national rules for prescribing need to be adhered to however one must not discount the potential advantages of local intrauterine therapy in the context of antimicrobial stewardship. References 1. Crabtree, J. Critically Appraised Topic: Should we use systemic or intra-uterine antibiotics to treat bacterial endometritis? In: Proceedings of the British Equine Veterinary Association Congress. Liverpool, 7-10 September 2022. 120-122. 2. Orsini, JA, Park, MI and Spencer, PA. Tissue and serum concentrations of amikacin after intramuscular and intrauterine administration to mares in estrus. Can Vet J. 1996;37:157-60. 3. Von Dollen, KA, Jones, M, Beachler, T, Harris, TL, Papich, MG, Lyle, SK and Bailey, CS. Antimicrobial Activity of Ceftiofur and Penicillin With Gentamicin Against Escherichia coli and Streptococcus equi Subspecies zooepidemicus in an Ex Vivo Model of Equine Postpartum Uterine Disease. Journal of Equine Veterinary Science. 2019;79:121-26. 4. Beachler, TM, Papich, MG, Wulf, LW, Kundu, D, Mochel, JP, Withowski, KE and Bailey, CS. Concentrations of penicillin and gentamicin following intrauterine administration of to compounded formulations. Journal of Equine Veterinary Science. 2023;125:104692. 5. Allen, WE and Clarke, AR. Absorption of sodium benzylpenicillin from the equine uterus after local Lugol's lodine treatment, compared with absorption after intramuscular injection. Equine Vet J. 1978;10:174-5. 6. Spensley, MS, Baggot, JD, Wilson, WD, Hietala, SK and Mihalyi, JE. Pharmacokinetics and endometrial tissue concentrations of ticarcillin given to the horse by intravenous and intrauterine routes. Am J Vet Res. 1986;47:2587-90. 7. Rodriguez, JS, Han, S, Nielsen, S, Pearson, LK, Gay, JM and Tiber, A.Consequences of Intrauterine Enrofloxacin Infusion 8. on Mare Endometrium. Journal of Equine Veterinary Science. 2012;32:106-11. Locke, TF. Distribution of antibiotics in the mare reproductive tract after various routes of administration J Reprod Fertil. 1982;32:640-41. 9. Leblanc, MM. The current status of antibiotic use in equine reproduction. Equine Veterinary Education. 2009;21(3):156-67. 10. Love, CC, Strzemienski, PJ and Kenney, RM. Endometrial concentrations of ampicillin in mares after intrauterine infusion of the drug. Am J Vet Res. 1990;51(2):197-99. 11. Troedsson, M. Endometritis. In: Equine Reproduction, Second Edition. Eds. McKinnon, A., Squires, E., Vaala, W., Varner, D. New Delhi, India. Wiley-Blackwell; 2011. p 2608-19. 12. Ricketts, SW. Treatment of equine endometritis with intrauterine irrigations of ceftiofur sodium: A comparison with mares treated in a similar manner with a mixture of sodium benzyl penicillin, neomycin sulphate, polymixin B sulphate and furaltadone hydrochloride. Pferdeheilkunde. 1997;13(5):486-9. 13. Pedersoli, WM, Fazeli, MH, Haddad, NS, Ravis, WR and Carson Jr, RL. (1985) Endometrial and serum gentamicin concentrations in pony mares given repeated intrauterine infusions. Am J Vet Res. 1985;46(5):1025-8. 14. Eilts, BE, McCoy, DJ, Taylor, HW, Al-Bagdadi, FK, Hansen, PN and Moser, EB. Effect of Repeated Intrauterine Infusions of Gentamicin on the Equine Endometrium. Theriogenology. 1988;29(6):1253-9. 15. Witte, TS, Bergwerff, AA, Scherpenisse, P, Drillich, M and Heuwieser, W. Ceftiofur derivates in serum and endometrial tissue after intramuscular administration in healthy mares. Theriogenology. 2010;74:466-72. 16. Bryant, JE, Brown, MP, Gronwall, RR, Merritt, KA. Study of intragastric administration of doxycycline: pharmacokinetics including body fluid, endometrial and minimum inhibitory concentrations. Equine Vet J. 2000;32:233-8. 17. Papich, M. G, Van Camp, SD, Cole, JA and Whitacre, MD. Pharmacokinetics and endometrial tissue concentrations of enrofloxacin and the metabolite ciprofloxacin after i.v. administration of enrofloxacin to mares. J Vet Pharmacol Ther. 2002;25:343-50. 18. Witte, TS, Hahn, K and Duerr, S. Concentrations of Gentamicin In Serum, Intrauterine Fluid, and Endometrial Tissue After Intravenous Administration in Healthy Mares. Journal of Equine Veterinary Science. 2018;68:115 19. Davolli, GM, Beavers, KN, Medina, V, Sones, JL, Pinto, CRF, Paccamonti, DL and Causey, RC. Concentrations of Sulfadiazine and Trimethoprim in Blood and Endometrium of Mares After Administration of an Oral Suspension. Journal of Equine Veterinary Science. 2018;67:27-30. Contact Address Dr. James R. Crabtree; Equine Reproductive Services (UK) Limited. Trigger Castle, Malton, North Yorkshire, United Kingdom james.r.crabtree@gmail.com 142 12. Leipziger Tierärztekongress – Tagungsband 2